· 1026 · 中华危重病急救医学 2023 年 10 月第 35 卷第 10 期 Chin Crit Care Med,October 2023,Vol.35,No.10
·专家共识·
医疗机构死亡病例质控与管理指南(2023)
湖南省复苏质量控制中心
通信作者:祝益民,湖南省急救医学研究所,长沙 410005,Email :cszhuyimin@163.com
【摘要】 死亡病例报告是死因分析与变化趋势监测的重要信息来源,能相对真实地反映一个国家或地区
的人群死亡情况与特点,有助于了解人群健康状况及卫生保健水平。开展住院死亡个案评审工作专题部署,既
是卫生主管部门对医疗质量安全工作的高度重视,也是对“人民至上、生命至上”理念的践行。目前对于孕产
妇和新生儿以外的专科死亡病例评审尚缺乏科学规范系统的评价。为了规范医疗机构死亡病例质控和管理,
由湖南省复苏质量控制中心牵头制定了《医疗机构死亡病例质控与管理指南(2023)》。本指南工作组成员走
访医疗机构开展调研、查阅国内外相关指南、综合临床经验,形成共识初稿,递交专家组多次讨论,历经多次修
订,最后以问卷形式发给专家组征集意见,最终明确了死亡病例质控的范围、数据采集和质控要求,以期为医疗
机构死亡病例质控与管理提供参考。
【关键词】 死亡病例 ; 质控 ; 管理 ; 指南
实践指南注册:国际实践指南注册与透明化平台,PREPARE-2023CN443
DOI :10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20230711-00502
Guidelines for quality control and management of death cases in medical institutions (2023)
Hunan Provincial Resuscitation Quality Control Center
Corresponding author: Zhu Yimin, Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China,
Email: cszhuyimin@163.com
【Abstract】 The report of death cases is an important source of information for cause analysis and monitoring
of trends, which can reflect the death situation and characteristics of a population in a relatively accurate manner. It
helps understand the health status of the population and the level of healthcare. The special deployment of case review
for in-hospital deaths is not only the high priority for health authorities in terms of quality and safety of medical care
but also a practical implementation of the concept that values people and life. Currently, there is a lack of scientific and
standardized evaluation for the review of death cases in various specialties, excluding maternal and neonatal cases. To
standardize the quality control and management of death cases in medical institutions, the Guidelines for quality control
and management of death cases in medical institutions (2023) has been developed by the Hunan Province Resuscitation
Quality Control Center. The members of the working group of this guideline visited medical institutions, conducted
research, reviewed relevant guidelines from domestic and international sources, and integrated clinical experience to
form a preliminary consensus. This consensus was submitted to the expert group for multiple discussions, underwent
several revisions, and finally, it was sent to the experts in the form of a questionnaire for feedback. The guidelines clarify
the scope, data collection, and quality control requirements for death case quality control, providing a reference for the
quality control and management of death cases in medical institutions.
【Key words】 Death case; Quality control; Management; Guideline
Practice guideline registration: Practice Guideline Registration for Transparency, PREPARE-2023CN443
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20230711-00502
世界卫生组织指出,全球每年大约有 500 万人
死亡与医疗服务质量相关,高质量的医疗服务可避
免 250 万例心脑血管疾病患者和半数以上的孕产妇
死亡[1]。1999 年美国医学研究所报告,美国每年有
4.4 万~9.8 万例患者死于医疗不良事件[2]。有文献
报道,医疗机构可以避免 3.6%~14.6%(平均 7.9%)
的死亡[3-8]。
1 概 述
早在 1981 年,美国爱荷华大学的研究者就通过
分析医疗机构死亡病例发现了医疗系统的缺陷和漏
洞,强调应提升医疗服务质量和安全[9]。随后,国际
组织陆续开始规范死亡病例的质控管理,世界卫生
联合国际妇产联盟等组织发布了《孕产妇死亡评审
技 术 指 南》(Maternal death surveillance and response:
technical guidance),英国国家卫生系统网站发布了
《向死亡病例学习》(Learning from deaths in the NHS)
方案,美国宾夕法尼亚大学发表了《死亡病例评审
委员会 :一种新型可测量的降低住院病死率的方
法》,澳大利亚进行了外科死亡病例评审[10]。我国
也重视死亡病例的质量控制,2006 年原国家卫生部
制定了“降消项目”《孕产妇死亡评审规范》并持续
督查落实,提升了孕产妇和新生儿的医疗服务质量,